Understanding Restless Legs Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, typically due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations usually occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly in the evening or at night, and are temporarily relieved by movement. Although it affects both genders, women are more likely to experience RLS, and its frequency increases with age.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of Restless Legs Syndrome is not fully understood, but research suggests that it involves an imbalance of dopamine—a neurotransmitter responsible for controlling muscle movement. Low levels of dopamine may lead to irregular nerve signaling that triggers the symptoms of RLS. Genetic factors also play a significant role, as RLS tends to run in families, especially when symptoms begin before age 40.
Certain health conditions and lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing RLS. These include iron deficiency, kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, diabetes, and pregnancy. During pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, women often experience temporary symptoms that usually resolve after delivery. Additionally, certain medications, such as antihistamines and antidepressants, may worsen RLS symptoms.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome often describe sensations such as tingling, crawling, pulling, throbbing, or itching deep within the legs. These sensations usually begin after periods of rest, such as sitting or lying down, and intensify at night. Moving the legs, walking, stretching, or massaging the muscles often brings temporary relief. Because symptoms tend to worsen in the evening, RLS frequently interferes with sleep, leading to daytime fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating.